Magnetic shield for cathode-ray apparatus



Jul 29, 1952 A. w. FRIEND 2,605,433

MAGNETIC SHIELD FOR CATHODE-RAY APPARATUS.

Filed Dec. 19, 1950 4 Sheet-Sheet 1 INVENTOR 'ATTORNEY July 29, 1952. A. w. FRIEND MAGNETIC SHIE LD FOR CATHODE-RAY APPARATUS Filed Dec. "19, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 mww y 1952 A. w. FRIEND v2,605,433

MAGNETIC SHIELD FOR CATHODE-RAY APPARATUS I Filed Dec. 19, 1950 I 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 July 2 9, 1952 A. w. FRIEND MAGNETIC SHIELD FOR CATHODE-RAY APPARATUS Filed Dec. 19, 1950;

4 Sheets-Sheet 4 A kn M r .3m R Y WW PM W A AEEMQRQ m r m $3 Q v T wg s A s w N n C 4 QNNA M 3% 8 Q35 3&3, A wg ask Bi Ra AR 3% A F E g ka gag MN F M? .KN .f m m I? Q38 n u 1 u Qwkwumk i A m m mi Egg \kw Ag. wm I -E @315 w xnsmv \Q? Patented July 29, 1952 2,605,4s3-;-; MAGNETIC sHIE'] Li FGRfiCATfifiDjE-RAiF APPARATUS Amen-f: W; Friend, PrinQtdnr Rad'iwCorporation of Amati; aforppfatiom A'pp ioation mcembeim, 1950;:SeniaLNm2036181 This :invention relates .te; magnetic-. shieldszfor; televisiorudefiection yokesxand moreiparticularly; tonshield'ssfort preventing.adyerseeeffects; caused by. the; eridzloops' :of deflection coils.

Many el'eetric'al applieationsirequire, a magnetie I fielditdbe; pnoducedaby: fiwCQ'i'LIOl group 101?, coils whiel'n'iseof substantially un-iiorm/valuezthroughe out?thef-crossesectional area =.includeda with;in the coils; Pantieularlyg this? true in:: coils usedj inelectronic equipment" for; causing; deflection of aacathodearay: beama; Undesiredaama netiefieldg'radients-lappear 'ati theI ends of thByCQilS: and

result i adistQntin -theibeam. U I. .d-f in nu i -inrm defleet om.

Ferthe purpos spf;1 ;a ic t r e an n the inyentior --Wi11;b fi descr bed asapplied to the deflection yoke of a cathode ray picture tube as used in television apparatus. It wil1: 'beclear,

however; that the inventiontis equallyapplicable. toi coils for use in other apparatus using; cathode-v raybeam deflecting-coils.

It isan; objectof. this invention-.- to providea' magnetic; shield which will preventthe intro,-

duction of magnetic-fieldigradients. caused: by

the-endloops of coils-.-

' the shield-shoxt n-inFig.5;

It is a further object of this invention to provicle an arrangement of the typeunder considerationv whereby. the shielding effect :may be. simply.

and easily. varied.

Moreparticularly it is .an object: of the. inventionto provide an improvedmagnetic end shield for-the deflection yokes of television apparatus.

Briefly, in accordance-with the invention,.there is-prcvided. an end member of magnetic material shaped tofitclosely the ends. of. the.coi1s.. The

end ,membermaybe in the shape of a truncated cone', .s1ottedf or, unslottedf or, may. consistof. a supporting. ring. carrying..- magnetic. members whioh' may be adjustable radiallyv or circumferentiallyto. provide the desired degreeof shield: 111g;

The above andother objects-0f the invention will'become. apparent upon aconsideration of thefollowingf. detailed description taken in conjunctionlf with. the accompanying drawings in which? Fig; l-isj a side. view, partlyviiicross-section of) the usual form of deflectin v yoke:

Fig. 2.1 isfla, section-a1, view-.of the arrangement of 'Filgil' taken'on the line 2-2;

Fig. 3 is-a simplified sketch. of, the deflection coilwindings;

Fig. .4 is an end 'viewsof a, modified deflection coil;

Fi'gl' 5jisianjend iview of onety'p'e of ,endshield constructed in accordance With the invention;

structedfinaecordanee with the inventionj,

Fig. 10 shows an arrangement'a'p lying tlie elements of. Fig; 8 sto a .defiectioni .yoli v v Fig. 11 n is an end- View. of. a Shield cQ l Q in. 5 accordance; with, the inyentiorr; 4

Fig; 9 represents a shielding element} cone is. 12'. is a sk t e. ra ement." showninFisrlojiand;

Fig. l3 fisga, schematic; repi'gesentaiibi lfif-a'. tfele: viibilr; ystem. emi l 'szineia ii dimil'lil i' HQ? inyention,

RiefeiringtojFi'g's', lTaiidjZ th re has lfbeeiifshbwr'il atypical deflection, forj' us'with aitei reeeiy'eri kinesope;v The hf coils-2- arefoun .ftransvefrsely. sulating shell. 4. The vertical par nt sh 1:" when usl m a; maniaelement" screen for col'oi' television wh re 7 upon-' trre anele at Whi'oh= the beahi is thea sore'engi Tli-is latter factor is presentWhether the;systemeuses three;-separate;b'eams haw/gin ferent-aneles ofi-approach or an leso-f aep eaeh is.- e ie 1. plicity; in: .explanatQ however; thedeser of the. inyention ill. be astheinyention ls ap -y pliedjto athreeam tri-colorflteleyision system; sfic asystm'issnown'inir'iem; Rei rring to Fig; 13- there. is. shown" bloek diagram a" receiver" arrangement" utilizing" a ceiver l l, are applied simultaneously to the three.

control grids [3a, [3b and I 30 of the three-gun kinescope I5. Another signal, derived from the video amplifier, is used toactuate an automatic color phasing and sampling synchronization circuit l! which produces a 3.58 mc. sampling wave.

7 The latter is applied through an amplifier tube l9 and appropriate delay lines Zla, 21b and 2Ic, to three gating tubes 23a, 23b and 230 which supply three sampling pulses, differing in phase by 120 degrees at 3.58 mc., to the three cathodes of the kinescope. Thus, each gun is turned on in time sequence corresponding to the origina1 sampling process at the transmitter and the beam current from each gun excites only one of the three phosphor. colors. conventional type utilizing an anastigmatic yoke 25. The kinescope is of the type utilizing an apertured mask 2? interposed between the guns and a dot phosphor screen 29.' A color receiver of this typeis well known and a full description of the operation thereof is not believed necessary. However, for those who are interested in a more complete description reference maybe had to RCS Bulletins on Color Television and UHF, October 1949 to July 1950, Radio Corporation of America, July 1950. l

.In accordance with the invention, a magnetic shield 3| is placed adjacent one end of the deflection yoke 25 of the tri-color kinescope. The functioning of this shield will be explained below.

It has been found that when the deflection produced by yokes, which may have been designed specifically for multi-beam deflection, is sufiicient to cause one or more of the beams to pass near to the actual conductors of the windings, distorting deflections are produced in the relative beam positions. This is caused by the large values of magnetic field gradient in the vicinity of 'the'conductors, which cause somewhat different deflection effects to act upon each of the difierent beams. Furthermore, the direction of current flow, in space, is radically different at the various positions around the ends of the yoke windings, due to the peculiar shape of the windings.

In order to aid in the understanding of this problem there has been shown in Fig. 3 a simplified sketch of one set of deflection windings. Referring to that figure, it will be seen that the magnetic flux density B1, from the end of coil 28 enters the yoke to yield an entering axial flux on the'left (front) end while the flux B2 of coil 36 leaves the inside of the yoke space on the same end. The flux density Bn inside the windings, which is caused by both windings is directed upwardly as indicated in the figure so that the path of a deflected beam of electrons is approximately as shown by the dashed trace e-e, which curves to the right side of the front opening of the yoke in moving forward.

; The electron beam entersfrom the rear of the yoke near the central axis and travels along a curved path in an essentially symmetrical and constant field .until it approaches the forward end of the yoke, where it may pass very close to one of the bundles of conductors of the coils 28 and 30, where they pass around the neck of the tube, near the cone of the tube envelope at the reference line where the neck joins the cone.

The magnetic field intensity (B) at a radial distance (r) from a long straight conductor which carries a current (I), is:

The deflection circuitry is of the V This is also approximately true for points near the bundles of turns in the end loops of a deflection yoke'provided one utilizes a summation of theeffects of the (n) turns so that:

The deflection of the electron beam is in general produced by the combined magnetic action of two sets of coils (horizontal and vertical deflection windings), so that inside the yoke there is also a field intensity Bvr which must be added across the yoke at right angles to the field intensity Bn shown in Fig. 3. When current is passed in a certain combination of directions through both the horizontal and vertical sets of windings, the electron beam may be so deflected that it passes near to the bundle of conductors 28 in the region marked by an asterisk. The deviations in the magnetic fields near the periphery, at the front edge of the yoke, therefore cause serious color-raster mis-registrations near the picture edges. This this-registration varies somewhat around the periphery, because of the displacements between the horizontal and vertical windings, but the effects are substantially symmetrical across a diameter of the picture, if non-symmetries of constructionand adjustment are eliminated.

In addition to the magnetic fields indicated in Fig. 3, there are also other differently oriented field paths around the conductors in the regions where they bend from the straight axially directed sections to the curved sections. There are radial current components in these portions of the windings, and these components produce additional discrepancies from the desired magnetic field.

One way in which the deleterious effect of the end loops may be reduced is by bending the ends of the yoke coils up and away from the neck of the tube as abruptly as possible. Referring to Fig. 4, there is shown an end view of a single horizontal deflecting coil 2 constructed in accordance with that conception. A similar construction would be used with the other coils of the deflection yoke. On the inner shell 4 the straight sides 33 of the coil lie in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. The end turns are bent up as sharply as possible at points 35 at right angles to the sides of the coil and in a radial direction. She end turns may extend out a radial distance equal to at least three-eighths of the radius of the'inside diameter of the yoke. The cross over 3'! of the end turns is in an arcuate path substantially coaxial with the axis of the yoke. The front end turns only may be so wound or both the front and rear end turns can be given this configuration. By so constructing the coils,

the end loops are placed a suflicient distance from the beam path that the end turn effect is lessened.

However, in order to minimize still further the effect on the cathode ray beam of the undesired fields noted above, it is desirable, in accordance with the invention, to provide magnetic shielding means for preventing the establishment of large ment comprises a thin conical shield 32 of a ferromagnetic material such as an alloy of nickel and iron, of iron and silicon, or of one of the ferrite materials. This shield is formed to fit over the end member 22 of the front of the yoke and thus lies closely adjacent to the end loops of the coils. Such a shield is not entirely satisfactory since it is not easily adjustable and the magnetic shunting of the deflection field is somewhat higher than desirable.

The conical shield may be improved by the slotted shield arrangement 34 shown in Figs. 7 and 8. Here the cone of the shield has been formed by a plurality of fingers 36 of magnetic material. Adjustment may be had by bending the fingers or varying their lengths While the shielding effect is reduced by the spaces therebetween. With such a construction two shields may be used with verlapping shield fingers to obtain the desired egree of shielding.

The shield may be composed of separate conical segments 38 such as shown in Fig. 9. These parts are of similar cross-section to the conical shield of Figs. and 6 and represent segments out along radial lines. They are fastened to the yoke as shown in Fig. 9, the slots 46 in the edges of the segments allowing for adjustment. It will be noted that the segments are more widely spaced about the yokes at points corresponding to the top and bottom of the picture since these points are of minimum deflection angle. The gaps about the periphery of the yoke aid in reducing the magnetic shunting effect between the opposite sides of the yoke. The desired shunting direction is largely radial.

An arrangement providing greater ease of adjustment is shown in Figs. 11 and 12. Here. a plurality of magnetic fingers 42 is held in place on a supporting ring 44 by means of spring clips 46. The fingers are directed inwardly at an angle and are shaped at their inside ends to form a solid cone shaped body when the fingers are inserted entirely within the ring. They may be easily adjusted by sliding the fingers through the spring clips. The clips may be made wide enough so that in addition to radial adjustment, it is also possible to vary the angle at which they extend into the center to other than normal to the circumference of the support 44 to obtain a desired shielding pattern.

What is claimed is:

1. In a color television system the combination of a cathode ray tube having a tri-color phosphor screen of the type in which the color emitted upon energization by a cathode ray beam is dependent upon the angle of approach of said beam, and means generating a cathode ray beam, magnetic deflecting means associated with said tube arranged to cause said beam to scan said screen, said deflecting means including deflection coils having end turns, means causing said cathode ray beam to approach said screen at different angles and a magnetic shielding device positioned adjacent one end of said deflecting coils so asto shield said beam from the magnetic flux produced by the end turns of said coils adjacent said shielding device whereby the deflection of said beam is made independent of its angle of approach to said screen and color registration is maintained.

2. In a color television system the combination of a cathode ray tube having a tri-color phosphor screen of the type in which the color emitted upon energization by a' cathode ray beam is dependent upon the angle of approach of said beam, and means "generating a plurality of cathode ray beams, magnetic deflecting means associated with said tube arranged to cause said beams to scan said screen, said deflecting means including defiection coils having end turns, means causing said cathode ray beams to approach said screen at different angles and a magnetic shielding device positioned adjacent one end of said deflecting coils so as to shield said beams from the magnetic flux produced by the end turns-of said coils adjacent said shielding device whereby the deflection of said beams is made independent of their angle of approach to said screen and color registration is maintained.

3. In combination, a cathode ray deflection yoke including coils having end turns and a plurality of magnetic members formed in. the shape of radial segments of a cone inserted in one end of said yoke.

4. In combination, a cathode ray deflection yoke including coils having end turns and a plurality of magnetic members adjustably positioned within one end of said yoke.

5. The combination of claim 4 in which said members are adjustably positioned about the periphery of said yoke.

6. The combination of claim 4 in which the depth to which said members extend into said yoke is adjustable.

7. A magnetic shield comprising in combination, a ring-shaped support, a plurality of spring clips on the periphery of said support, and a plurality of magnetic members extending radially into the center area of said support, said members being slideably held by said clips whereby the degree of extension of said members into said center area may be varied.

ALBERT W. FRIEND.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Abstract of application Serial No. 84,272, Electromagnetic Yoke Shield. Gustave L. Grundman, Westmont, N. J and Gustav Bergson, Philadelphia, Pa. Filed March 30, 1939, published July 17, 1951. (Published on July 17, 1951 in 648 O. G. 949). 1 sheet drawings, 11 pages spec. 

